What is a landfill?

A landfill is an excavated hole designed specifically for waste disposal. This site is engineered to contain solid waste materials safely, minimizing their impact on the surrounding environment. The waste is typically buried under layers of soil, which helps to prevent odors, pests, and environmental contamination. Landfills often feature systems to manage leachate (the liquid that drains from waste) and gases produced by decomposing materials, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.

The other options describe different concepts that do not accurately define a landfill. A site designated for recycling materials is intended for processing rather than disposal. A natural reserve for wildlife protection is focused on conservation, and a method of land restoration after mining refers to rehabilitation of the landscape, which is distinctly different from waste disposal.